Federal Information Processing Standard 140-1 (FIPS 140-1) and its successor FIPS 140-2 are US Government standards that provide a benchmark for implementing cryptographic software. They specify best practices for implementing crypto algorithms, handling key material and data buffers, and working with the operating system. An evaluation process that is administered by National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST) Cryptographic Module Validation (CMV) Program (
http://csrc.nist.gov/cryptval/) allows encryption product vendors to demonstrate the extent to which they comply with the standards, and thus the trustworthiness of their implementations.
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